Hitesh Sahu
Hitesh SahuHitesh Sahu
  1. Home
  2. ›
  3. posts
  4. ›
  5. …

  6. ›
  7. 2.0 Pronoun

Loading ⏳
Fetching content, this won’t take long…


💡 Did you know?

🦥 Sloths can hold their breath longer than dolphins 🐬.

🍪 This website uses cookies

No personal data is stored on our servers however third party tools Google Analytics cookies to measure traffic and improve your website experience. Learn more

Cover Image for Pronouns 🗣️

Pronouns 🗣️

A Learn German Pronouns: Personal, Possessive, and Demonstrative. complete guide to German pronouns, including personal, possessive, demonstrative, and reflexive pronouns with examples and usage tips.

Hitesh Sahu
Written by Hitesh Sahu, a passionate developer and blogger.

Tue Oct 28 2025

Share This on

PRONOUNS 🗣️

In German grammar, pronouns (Pronomen) replace nouns to avoid repetition and make speech smoother.
They must match the gender, number, and case (Kasus) of the noun they replace.

#🧩 Type🗣️ German Name🏷️ English Name💬 Example Sentence
1️⃣👤PersonalpronomenPersonal PronounsIch sehe dich. (I see you.)
2️⃣🪞ReflexivpronomenReflexive PronounsEr freut sich. (He is happy.)
3️⃣🏡PossessivpronomenPossessive PronounsDas ist mein Haus. (That is my house.)
4️⃣👉DemonstrativpronomenDemonstrative PronounsDiese Frau ist nett. (This woman is nice.)
5️⃣🔗RelativpronomenRelative PronounsDer Mann, der hier wohnt. (The man who lives here.)
6️⃣❓InterrogativpronomenInterrogative PronounsWer bist du? (Who are you?)
7️⃣🌿IndefinitpronomenIndefinite PronounsNiemand ist hier. (Nobody is here.)
8️⃣🌀Gemischte FormenMixed / Compound PronounsBeide Kinder schlafen. (Both children are sleeping.)

🎯 Focus per level:

  • A1–A2: Personal, possessive, reflexive
  • B1: Demonstrative, relative
  • B2: Indefinite and complex relative pronouns

1. 👤 PERSONAL PRONOMEN

Personal pronouns are used to replace nouns in a sentence. They change form depending on case: Nominative (subject), Accusative (direct object), Dative (indirect object).

EmojiPerson👤 Nominativ🎯 Akkusativ🎁 Dativ📝 Genitiv🇬🇧 English (Nom / Akk / Dat / Gen)
👤Ist singularichmichmirmeinerI / me / to me / of me
🫵II nd singulardudichdirdeineryou / you / to you / of you
🟦️III rd singularerihnihmseinerhe / him / to him / of him
🟨III rd singularesesihmseinerit / it / to it / of it
🟥III rd singularsiesieihrihrershe / her / to her / of her
👥Ist pluralwirunsunsunserwe / us / to us / of us
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦II nd pluralihreucheucheueryou all / you all / to you all / of you all
🧑‍🤝‍🧑III rd pluralsiesieihnenihrerthey / them / to them / of them
🎩II nd formalSieSieIhnenIhryou (formal) / you / to you / of you

Memory Map

idSeeswiSsSingularPlural
IstI- ichWe - wir
II ndyou - du(Tum)you - ihr (TumLog)
II ndyou - Sie (Aap)you - Sie(AAp Log)
III rdhe-er
ir es
she- sie
they - sie
SingularPlural
Ich 👦wir ()
duihr
er/es/siesie/Sie

💬 Examples

#Pronoun EmojiPronounCaseEnglishExample
1👤ich👤 NominativeIIch gehe in den Park. (I go to the park.)
2🫵du👤 Nominativeyou (informal)Du bist müde. (You are tired.)
3🟦️er👤 NominativeheEr spielt Fußball. (He plays soccer.)
4🟨es👤 NominativeitEs regnet. (It is raining.)
5🟥sie👤 NominativesheSie liest ein Buch. (She reads a book.)
6👥wir👤 NominativeweWir gehen ins Kino. (We go to the cinema.)
7👨‍👩‍👧‍👦ihr👤 Nominativeyou all (informal)Ihr seid nett. (You all are nice.)
8🧑‍🤝‍🧑sie👤 NominativetheySie sind freundlich. (They are friendly.)
9🎩Sie👤 Nominativeyou (formal)Sind Sie Herr Müller? (Are you Mr. Müller?)
10👤mich🎯 AccusativemeEr sieht mich. (He sees me.)
11🫵dich🎯 AccusativeyouIch liebe dich. (I love you.)
12🟦️ihn🎯 AccusativehimIch sehe ihn. (I see him.)
13🟥sie🎯 AccusativeherIch kenne sie. (I know her.)
14🟨es🎯 AccusativeitIch sehe es. (I see it.)
15👥uns🎯 AccusativeusEr sieht uns. (He sees us.)
16👨‍👩‍👧‍👦euch🎯 Accusativeyou allIch sehe euch. (I see you all.)
17🧑‍🤝‍🧑sie🎯 AccusativethemIch kenne sie. (I know them.)
18🎩Sie🎯 Accusativeyou (formal)Ich sehe Sie. (I see you.)
19👤mir🎁 Dativeto meEr gibt mir das Buch. (He gives me the book.)
20🫵dir🎁 Dativeto youIch gebe dir das Geschenk. (I give you the gift.)
21🟦️ihm🎁 Dativeto himIch helfe ihm. (I help him.)
22🟥ihr🎁 Dativeto herIch gebe ihr das Buch. (I give her the book.)
23🟨ihm🎁 Dativeto itIch gebe ihm Wasser. (I give it water.)
24👥uns🎁 Dativeto usSie gibt uns die Bücher. (She gives us the books.)
25👨‍👩‍👧‍👦euch🎁 Dativeto you allIch gebe euch Geschenke. (I give you all gifts.)
26🧑‍🤝‍🧑ihnen🎁 Dativeto themIch gebe ihnen das Geld. (I give them the money.)
27🎩Ihnen🎁 Dativeto you (formal)Ich gebe Ihnen das Buch. (I give you the book.)
28👤meiner🧩 Genitiveof meDas ist das Buch meiner Mutter. (That is my mother's book.)
29🫵deiner🧩 Genitiveof youDas ist das Haus deiner Schwester. (That is your sister's house.)
30🟦️seiner🧩 Genitiveof himDas ist das Auto seines Vaters. (That is his father's car.)
31🟨seiner🧩 Genitiveof itDie Farbe seiner Hülle ist blau. (Its case color is blue.)
32🟥ihrer🧩 Genitiveof herDas ist das Kleid ihrer Mutter. (That is her mother's dress.)
33👥unser🧩 Genitiveof usDas ist unser Haus. (That is our house.)
34👨‍👩‍👧‍👦euer🧩 Genitiveof you allDas ist euer Garten. (That is your garden.)
35🧑‍🤝‍🧑ihrer🧩 Genitiveof themDas ist das Haus ihrer Freunde. (That is their friends' house.)
36🎩Ihr🧩 Genitiveof you (formal)Ist das Ihr Auto? (Is that your car?)

2. 🪞 REFLEXIV PRONOMEN (Reflexive Pronouns)

Used when the subject and the object are the same person (oneself).

PersonEmoji👤 Nominativ🎯 Akkusativ🎁 Dativ🧩 Genitiv
1st singular👤—michmirmeiner
2nd singular🫵—dichdirdeiner
3rd singular🟦️/🟨/🟥—sichsichseiner / ihrer / seiner
1st plural👥—unsunsunser
2nd plural👨‍👩‍👧‍👦—eucheucheuer
3rd plural🧑‍🤝‍🧑—sichsichihrer
2nd formal🎩—sichsichIhr

💬 Examples:

GermanEnglish
Ich wasche mich.I wash myself.
Du beeilst dich.You hurry yourself.
Er freut sich.He is happy (literally: rejoices himself).
Wir setzen uns.We sit down.
Sie interessieren sich für Musik.They are interested in music.

3. 🏡 POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS

They show ownership or possession.

🎯 Quick Tip

  • Neutral and Muscular are photo copy of each other
  • Feminine and plural Nominativ/Akkusativ → add -e
EmojiPersonal Pronoun🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural🇬🇧 Meaning
👤ichmeinmeinmeinemeinemy
🫵dudeindeindeinedeineyour
🟦️erseinseinseineseinehis
🟨esseinseinseineseineits
🟥sieihrihrihreihreher
👥wirunserunserunsereunsereour
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦ihreuereuereureeureyour (plural)
🧑‍🤝‍🧑sieihrihrihreihretheir
🎩SieIhrIhrIhreIhreyour (formal)

Cases changes Posssesive Pronouns

In German, the plural dative of possessive pronouns always adds an -n (if the noun itself doesn’t already end with -n).

🎯 Quick Tip

  • Masculine and neuter Dativ → add -em
  • Plural Dativ → add -en
  • Feminine Dativ and Genitiv → add -er
  • Masculine and neuter Genitiv → add -es
Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 PluralMnemonic / Tip
👤 Nom–––e–eNom = base forms, fem/plural get –e
🎯 Akk–en––e–eAkk → masculine gets –en; others same as Nom
🎁 Dat–em–em–er–en(-n)Dat = “m, m, r, n” pattern
🧩 Gen–es–es–er–erGen = “s, s, r, r” pattern

Complete Table

PronounMeaningCase🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
meinmy👤 Nommeinmeinmeinemeine
🎯 Akkmeinenmeinmeinemeine
🎁 Datmeinemmeinemmeinermeinen(-n)
🧩 Genmeinesmeinesmeinermeiner
deinyour (tumhara)👤 Nomdeindeindeinedeine
🎯 Akkdeinendeindeinedeine
🎁 Datdeinemdeinemdeinerdeinen(-n)
🧩 Gendeinesdeinesdeinerdeiner
seinhis/its👤 Nomseinseinseineseine
🎯 Akkseinenseinseineseine
🎁 Datseinemseinemseinerseinen(-n)
🧩 Genseinesseinesseinerseiner
ihrher/their👤 Nomihrihrihreihre
🎯 Akkihrenihrihreihre
🎁 Datihremihremihrerihren(-n)
🧩 Genihresihresihrerihrer
unserour👤 Nomunserunserunsereunsere
🎯 Akkunserenunserunsereunsere
🎁 Datunseremunseremunsererunseren(-n)
🧩 Genunseresunseresunsererunserer
eueryour (pl: tum logo ka)👤 Nomeuereuereureeure
🎯 Akkeureneuereureeure
🎁 Dateuremeuremeurereuren(-n)
🧩 Geneureseureseurereurer
Ihryour (formal: aap logo ka)👤 NomIhrIhrIhreIhre
🎯 AkkIhrenIhrIhreIhre
🎁 DatIhremIhremIhrerIhren(-n)
🧩 GenIhresIhresIhrerIhrer

👤‍ mein (my)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nommeinmeinmeinemeine
🎯 Akkmeinenmeinmeinemeine
🎁 Datmeinemmeinemmeinermeinen (-n)
🧩 Genmeinesmeinesmeinerunser

🫵 dein (your – informal, singular)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nomdeindeindeinedeine
🎯 Akkdeinendeindeinedeine
🎁 Datdeinemdeinemdeinerdeinen (-n)
🧩 Gendeinesdeinesdeinereuer

🟦 sein (his)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nomseinseinseineseine
🎯 Akkseinenseinseineseine
🎁 Datseinemseinemseinerseinen (-n)
🧩 Genseinesseinesseinerseiner

🟨 sein (its)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nom.seinseinseineseine
🎯 Akk.seinenseinseineseine
🎁 Dat.seinemseinemseinerseinen (-n)
🧩 Gen.seines (-s/es)seines (-s/es)seinerseiner

🟥 ihr (her)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nom.ihrihrihreihre
🎯 Akk.ihrenihrihreihre
🎁 Dat.ihremihremihrerihren (-n)
🧩 Gen.ihres (-s/es)ihres (-s/es)ihrerihrer

👨‍👩‍👧 unser (our)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nom.unserunserunsereunsere
🎯 Akk.unserenunserunsereunsere
🎁 Dat.unseremunseremunsererunseren (-n)
🧩 Gen.unseres (-s/es)unseres (-s/es)unsererunserer

👥 euer (your – informal plural)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nom.euereuereureeure
🎯 Akk.eureneuereureeure
🎁 Dat.euremeuremeurereuren (-n)
🧩 Gen.eures (-s/es)eures (-s/es)eurereurer

👨‍👩‍👨 ihr (their)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nom.ihrihrihreihre
🎯 Akk.ihrenihrihreihre
🎁 Dat.ihremihremihrerihren (-n)
🧩 Gen.ihres (-s/es)ihres (-s/es)ihrerihrer

🤵‍♂️ Ihr (your – formal, singular/plural)

Case🟦 Masculine🟨 Neuter🟥 Feminine🟩 Plural
👤 Nom.IhrIhrIhreIhre
🎯 Akk.IhrenIhrIhreIhre
🎁 Dat.IhremIhremIhrerIhren (-n)
🧩 Gen.Ihres (-s/es)Ihres (-s/es)IhrerIhrer

Difference between dein, euer, and Ihr

1️⃣ dein / deine

  • Used when talking to one person you know informally (like a friend, classmate, or sibling).
  • Pronoun: du
  • English: your/ (तुम्हारा / तेरी)

Examples:

Wo ist dein Bruder? → Where is your brother? → तुम्हारा भाई कहाँ है?

  • Wo ist dein Haus? → Where is your house? → तुम्हारा घर कहाँ है?
  • Wo ist deine Uhr? → Where is your watch? → तेरी घड़ी कहाँ है?
  • Wo sind deine Bücher? → Where are your books? → तुम्हारी किताबें कहाँ हैं?

2️⃣ euer / eure

Used when talking to two or more people you know informally (friends, family, colleagues, etc.).

  • Pronoun: ihr (plural informal)
  • English: your (plural informal)/ तुम लोगों का / तुम्हारा (बहुवचन)

Examples:

  • Wo ist euer Bruder? → Where is your (plural) brother? → तुम लोगों का भाई कहाँ है?
  • Wo ist euer Haus? → Where is your house? → तुम लोगों का घर कहाँ है?
  • Wo ist eure Uhr? → Where is your watch? → तुम्हारी घड़ी कहाँ है?
  • Wo sind eure Bücher? → Where are your books? → तुम्हारी किताबें कहाँ हैं?

3️⃣ Ihr / Ihre

Used when talking to one or more people formally (teacher, stranger, boss, elder).

  • Pronoun: Sie (formal “you”)
  • English: your (formal) / आपका / आपकी / आपके
  • Always written with a capital “I”.

Examples:

  • Wo ist Ihr Bruder? → Where is your brother? → आपका भाई कहाँ है?
  • Wo ist Ihr Haus? → Where is your house? → आपका घर कहाँ है?
  • Wo ist Ihre Uhr? → Where is your watch? → आपकी घड़ी कहाँ है?
  • Wo sind Ihre Bücher? → Where are your books? → आपकी किताबें कहाँ हैं?

Quick Summary Table

PronounUsed ForNumber of PeopleFormalityEnglish MeaningHindi MeaningExamples
dein / deinedu1 personInformalyour (singular)तुम्हारा / तेरीdein Haus, deine Uhr
euer / eureihr2+ peopleInformalyour (plural)तुम लोगों का / तुम्हाराeuer Haus, eure Bücher
Ihr / IhreSie1 or more peopleFormalyour (formal)आपका / आपकीIhr Haus, Ihre Bücher
SingularPlural
mein (my/mine)unser (our/ours)
dein (your/yours)euer/eure (your/yours informal)
sein (his/its)/ ihr (her/hers)ihr (their/theirs)/Ihr (your/yours formal)

4. 👉 DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOMEN

Used to point out specific things or people (this/that/these/those).

Case🟥 Masculine🟦 Neuter🟩 Feminine🟨 Plural🇬🇧 Example (Nom / Akk / Dat / Gen)
👤 Nom.dieserdiesesdiesedieseThis/that man/thing/woman/people is here.
🎯 Akk.diesendiesesdiesedieseI see this/that man/thing/woman/people.
🎁 Dat.diesemdiesemdieserdiesen (-n)I give it to this/that man/thing/woman/people.
🧩 Gen.dieses (-s/es)dieses (-s/es)dieserdieserThe color of this/that man/thing/woman/people is nice.

💬 Examples:

GermanEnglish
Dieser Mann ist mein Lehrer.This man is my teacher.
Dieses Auto ist neu.This car is new.
Diese Frau ist nett.This woman is nice.
Diese Bücher sind interessant.These books are interesting.

5. 🔗 RELATIVE PRONOMEN

Used to connect two clauses and refer to a noun mentioned earlier (who, which, that).

Case🟥 Masculine🟦 Neuter🟩 Feminine🟨 Plural🇬🇧 Example
👤 Nom.derdasdiedieThe man/woman/thing who…
🎯 Akk.dendasdiedieI see the man/woman/thing who…
🎁 Dat.demdemderdenenI give to the man/woman/thing who…
🧩 Gen.dessendessenderenderenThe color of the man/woman/thing who…

💬 Examples:

GermanEnglish
Der Mann, der dort steht, ist mein Vater.The man who is standing there is my father.
Das Auto, das ich gekauft habe, ist rot.The car that I bought is red.
Die Frau, die hier arbeitet, ist meine Chefin.The woman who works here is my boss.
Die Kinder, deren Mutter Lehrerin ist, spielen draußen.The children whose mother is a teacher are playing outside.

✅ Tip:
Relative pronouns agree in gender and number with the noun they refer to, but their case depends on their function in the relative clause.


6. ❓ INTERROGATIV PRONOMEN

Used to ask questions about people or things. (Who? What? Which? etc.)

GermanEnglishUsage
werwhofor people (subject)
wenwhomfor people (accusative object)
wemto whomfor people (dative object)
waswhatfor things (subject or object)
welcher / welches / welchewhichto specify one among several options
was für ein / eine / einwhat kind ofasks about the type or kind
wessenwhosepossession
  • 🟥 Akkusativ (Akk) → direct object
  • 🟩 Dativ (Dat) → indirect object
  • 🟦 Neutral → general usage
#🇩🇪 German🇬🇧 English💬 Example🧭 Notes
1👤 wer🟦 whoWer bist du? → Who are you?Used for the subject of a sentence
1.1🧐 wen🟥 whom (Akk)Wen siehst du? → Whom do you see?Used for the object (Akkusativ)
1.2🤝 wem🟩 to whom (Dat)Wem gibst du das Buch? → To whom are you giving the book?Used for Dativ (receiver)
2📍 wo🟦 whereWo wohnst du? → Where do you live?Static location (no movement)
2.1➡️ wohin🟦 where (to)Wohin gehst du? → Where are you going?Direction / destination
2.2⬅️ woher🟦 where fromWoher kommst du? → Where do you come from?Origin / source
3🤔 wie🟦 howWie geht’s dir? → How are you?Used for manner / condition
3.1💰 wie viel🟦 how muchWie viel kostet das? → How much does it cost?For uncountable nouns
3.2🔢 wie viele🟦 how manyWie viele Geschwister hast du? → How many siblings do you have?For countable nouns
4💁‍♂️ welche(r/s)🟦 whichWelches Buch liest du? → Which book are you reading?Changes by gender & case
5❓ was🟦 whatWas machst du? → What are you doing?Used for things / actions
5.1📂 was für ein(e) 🟦🟦 what kind ofWas für ein Film ist das? → What kind of movie is that?Used to ask for type or category
6🤷‍♂️ warum🟦 whyWarum lernst du Deutsch? → Why are you learning German?Asks for reason
7📅 wann🟦 whenWann hast du Geburtstag? → When is your birthday?Time reference
8🚗 wessen🟦 whoseWessen Auto ist das? → Whose car is that?Possession / ownership

💬 Examples:

GermanEnglish
Wer ist das?Who is that?
Wen siehst du?Whom do you see?
Wem gibst du das Buch?To whom are you giving the book?
Was machst du?What are you doing?
Welche Farbe magst du?Which color do you like?
Was für ein Auto hast du?What kind of car do you have?

⚙️ Declension of wer (who)

CaseMasculineEnglish
Nom.werwho
Akk.wenwhom
Dat.wemto whom
Gen.wessenwhose

💬 Example:

  • Wessen Tasche ist das? → Whose bag is that?

✅ Tip:

  • Use wer / wen / wem for people.
  • Use was for things.
  • Use welch- and was für ein when choosing or describing types.

7. 🌿 INDEFINITE PRONOUN

Refer to unspecified people or things (someone, nobody, something).

📘 Common Indefinite Pronouns

GermanEnglishExample SentenceTranslation
jemandsomeoneJemand klopft an der Tür.Someone is knocking at the door.
niemandno oneNiemand ist im Zimmer.No one is in the room.
etwassomethingIch habe etwas zu essen.I have something to eat.
nichtsnothingIch weiß nichts.I know nothing.
alleseverythingAlles ist gut.Everything is fine.
manone / people / they (general)Man sagt, das Wetter wird schön.People say the weather will be nice.
kein / keinenone / noIch habe keine Zeit.I have no time.
irgendjemandanybody / someoneIrgendjemand hat das Fenster geöffnet.Someone (anybody) opened the window.
irgendwosomewhereIch habe meine Tasche irgendwo gesehen.I saw my bag somewhere.
irgendwannsometimeWir treffen uns irgendwann.We’ll meet sometime.
irgendwiesomehowIrgendwie schaffen wir das.Somehow we’ll manage that.
jeder / jede / jedeseveryone / eachJeder mag Schokolade.Everyone likes chocolate.
alleall / everyoneAlle kommen zur Party.Everyone is coming to the party.
etlicheseveral / quite a fewEtliche Leute warten draußen.Several people are waiting outside.
manchesomeManche Menschen sind ungeduldig.Some people are impatient.
einigea few / someEinige Schüler fehlen heute.A few students are missing today.
andereothersAndere wohnen weit weg.Others live far away.
mehrereseveralMehrere Autos stehen vor dem Haus.Several cars are in front of the house.

💡 Notes

  • jemand / niemand are only used for people.

    • Akkusativ: jemanden / niemanden
    • Dativ: jemandem / niemandem
      ✅ Example: Ich helfe jemandem. / Ich sehe niemanden.
  • etwas / nichts are used for things.
    ✅ Example: Ich habe etwas gekauft. / Ich sehe nichts.

  • man has no plural or gender; it’s always used like one in English.
    ✅ Example: Man soll höflich sein. (One should be polite.)

🧩 Quick Summary

For PeopleFor ThingsFor Both
jemand, niemand, manetwas, nichtsalle, einige, manche, mehrere

✅ Tip:
If the noun is unknown or indefinite → use an Indefinitpronomen.
It keeps the sentence general and natural in German.


German-Grammer/2.0-Pronoun
Let's work together
+49 176-2019-2523
hiteshkrsahu@gmail.com
WhatsApp
Skype
Munich 🥨, Germany 🇩🇪, EU
Playstore
Hitesh Sahu's apps on Google Play Store
Need Help?
Let's Connect
Navigation
  Home/About
  Skills
  Work/Projects
  Lab/Experiments
  Contribution
  Awards
  Art/Sketches
  Thoughts
  Contact
Links
  Sitemap
  Legal Notice
  Privacy Policy

Made with

NextJS logo

NextJS by

hitesh Sahu

| © 2025 All rights reserved.