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Telc-B1-Course

    Grammar

    Telc-B1

    Telc-B1-Course
    • B1 Course Guide: Cases & Declension

    • B1 Course Guide: Prepositions

    • B1 Course Guide: Connectors & Sentence Structure

    • B1 Course Guide: Negation (nicht vs. kein)

    • B1 Course Guide: Verb Tenses (Präteritum, Plusquamperfekt, Futur I)

    • B1 Course Guide: Passiv (Passive Voice)

    • B1 Course Guide: Modal Verbs & Konjunktiv II

    • B1 Course Guide: Infinitive Constructions & Causatives

    • B1 Course Guide: Reflexive Verbs & Dative Quirky-Subject Verbs

    • B1 Course Guide: Relativsätze (Relative Clauses)

    • B1 Course Guide: Adjectives, Comparison & Participles as Adjectives

    • B1 Course Guide: Writing & Exam Skills

    • B1 Course – Video 1: Genitive, Comparative/Superlative & Prepositions Recap

    • B1 Course – Video 2: Infinitiv mit zu & Place Prepositions for Vacations

    • B1 Course – Video 3: Reflexive Verbs, Vacation Vocab & Subordinating Connectors

    • B1 Course – Video 4: Obwohl Practice, Dative Locations & Nominalisierung

    • B1 Course – Video 5: Camping Vocabulary, aufpassen auf & Travel Role-Play

    • B1 Course – Video 6: Modal Verbs in Präteritum & Nominalisierung

    • B1 Course – Video 7: deshalb vs. sodass & Coordinating vs. Subordinating Connectors

    • B1 Course – Video 8: Technik-Vokabular & lassen + Infinitiv (Causative)

    • B1 Course – Video 9: Genitive Case with Common Nouns

    • B1 Course – Video 10: Genitive Wrap-Up, Demonstrative Artikel & trotz/wegen

    • B1 Course – Video 11: Smart-Home Reading, sodass & the Imperative

    • B1 Course – Video 12: Comparison Expressions & Präteritum

    • B1 Course – Video 13: Präteritum Practice & Temporal Prepositions

    • B1 Course – Video 14: B1 Written Test Session (Vocabulary & Connectors)

    • B1 Course – Video 15: Perfekt Recap, Dative Prepositions, Adjective Endings Without an Article, Compound Nouns

    • B1 Course – Video 16: Genitive Prepositions (während/innerhalb/außerhalb) and Travel Vocabulary

    • B1 Course – Video 17: Konjunktiv II (Subjunctive) – Formation, Irreal Situations, würde

    • B1 Course – Video 18: Job/Application Vocabulary, Konjunktiv II Review, weh tun (Dative)

    • B1 Course – Video 19: Wechsel Verbs (PDTA), SDMA Recap, and Verbs with Fixed Prepositions

    • B1 Course – Video 20: Verbs with Fixed Prepositions Drill, um...zu vs. damit

    • B1 Course – Video 21: um...zu vs. damit, Genitive Review, Connectors, and Verbs with Fixed Prepositions

    • B1 Course – Video 22: Präteritum vs. Partizip II, Komposita, and Fixed-Preposition Verbs in an Environment Reading Text

    • B1 Course – Video 23: Environment/Startup Vocabulary, Opinion Phrases, and Superlative Adjective Endings

    • B1 Course – Video 24: Environment Vocabulary, Weather Terms, and N-Deklination (Weak Masculine Nouns)

    • B1 Course – Video 25: N-Deklination Exceptions and Introduction to Relativsätze

    • B1 Course – Video 26: Relativsätze (Relative Clauses) with Cases and Fixed-Preposition Verbs

    • B1 Course – Video 27: Relative Clauses with Prepositions, Fixed-Preposition Verbs, and a Future-Cities Reading Text

    • B1 Course – Video 28: No Substantive Teaching Content (Silent/Unusable Recording)

    • B1 Course – Video 29: Future Vocabulary, Picture Description, and Plusquamperfekt

    • B1 Course – Video 30: Plusquamperfekt Review, Temporal Prepositions, and nachdem

    • B1 Course – Video 31: Temporal Connectors Review, Comparatives, and a Friendship Reading Text

    • B1 Course – Video 32: nachdem Drill, Fable Vocabulary, and derselbe/dasselbe

    • B1 Course – Video 33: Reflexive Verbs (Dative Table) and brauchen + zu

    • B1 Course – Video 34: Doppelkonnektoren and Formal/Informal Schreiben Conventions

    • B1 Course – Video 35: Clinic Vocabulary, Music & Emotions Text, and Fixed-Preposition Verbs

    • B1 Course – Video 36: Health Vocabulary, gegen vs. für, and Negation with nicht/kein

    • B1 Course – Video 37: Negation Rules, Dative Replacement & Bildbeschreibung Vocabulary

    • B1 Course – Video 38: Kunst-Themed Reading Texts, Dative Verbs & Adjective Endings

    • B1 Course – Video 39: Introduction to Aktiv/Passiv (Active–Passive Voice)

    • B1 Course – Video 40: Passiv – Präteritum, Perfekt, Modalverben & werden/wurden/würden

    • B1 Course – Video 41: Passive Voice Practice + Mini-München Reading Text

    • B1 Course – Video 43: Artikel als Pronomen, Adjektive als Nomen & Test Review

    • B1 Course – Video 44: Relativsätze mit was, wo, woher, wohin

    • B1 Course – Video 45: Artikel als Pronomen Drill & Adjective-Ending Tables Recap

    • B1 Course – Video 46: Irgend-Wörter, Partizip II als Adjektiv & je...desto

    • B1 Course – Video 47: Geld-Redemittel, Banking Vocabulary & Partizip I/II as Adjectives

    • B1 Course – Video 48: Largely Silent Recording (Test Review, nicht-Position Only)

    • B1 Course – Video 49: B2 Wortschatz-Upgrades, Konnektoren & Final Logistics

    • Telc-B1-Course Index


    Telc-Hearing

    Telc-Speaking

    Telc-Writting

    Vocab-Basics

    Vocab-Nouns

    Vocab-Verbs

Cover Image for B1 Course Guide: Prepositions
Telc-B1-Course

B1 Course Guide: Prepositions

Consolidated guide to German prepositions for telc B1: place/direction and temporal prepositions, genitive prepositions, the Wechselverb PDTA/SDMA case rules, the combined list of verbs with fixed prepositions, and the wo(r)-/da(r)- system.

German
B1
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Course Notes
Prepositions
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B1 Course Guide: Cases & Declension

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B1 Course Guide: Connectors & Sentence Structure

Prepositions

This guide consolidates every preposition-related grammar point taught across the B1 course: place and direction prepositions (including vacation/travel vocabulary), temporal prepositions, the three genitive prepositions, the two case rules that apply to verbs with two objects or fixed prepositions (PDTA and SDMA), the combined reference list of verbs with fixed prepositions, and the wo(r)-/da(r)- question/reference-word system.

Place / Direction Prepositions

The three preposition categories (case overview)

Every German preposition falls into one of three fixed groups:

Category Members Case
Always Akkusativ für, um, durch, bis, ohne, gegen, entlang Akkusativ
Always Dativ aus, bei, mit, nach, von, zu, seit, ab, gegenüber Dativ
Wechsel (two-way) an, auf, in, hinter, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen Dativ (stationary) / Akkusativ (movement) — see SDMA below

Going places: in / nach / zu / durch / an...vorbei / bis (zu) / gegenüber / bei

Preposition Case Used for
in Wechsel entering a closed space (school, cinema, fitness studio, supermarket, restaurant); also countries that have a gender/article (die Schweiz, der Iran, die USA)
nach Dativ (fixed) big cities and countries without an article (Deutschland, Indien); also "after"
zu Dativ (fixed) going to a place in general, or to a person/profession, with no emphasis on entering
durch Akkusativ (fixed) moving through an (often enclosed) space — a tunnel, a park
an...vorbei Dativ passing by something without stopping
bis Akkusativ, no article a general endpoint along a path — there may be more route/time beyond it
bis zu Dativ (zu forces dative) the definitive end point — nothing continues beyond it
gegenüber Dativ "opposite of / across from"
bei Dativ (fixed) being "at" a person's place or profession (bei dem Arzt = at the doctor's)

Examples:

  • Ich gehe ins Kino. / Ich gehe in den Supermarkt. (closed spaces → in)
  • Ich gehe nach Deutschland. (country, no article → nach)
  • Ich gehe in die Schweiz. / Ich gehe in den Iran. (countries with an article → in + Akkusativ)
  • Ich gehe zum Arzt. / Ich gehe zum Chef. (to a person/profession)
  • Ich gehe am Supermarkt vorbei. → I'm passing by the supermarket without stopping.
  • Ich gehe durch den Park.
  • Die Bank ist gegenüber dem Supermarkt. / gegenüber vom Supermarkt. (both acceptable)
  • Gehen Sie bis zur Kreuzung, und dann links. → Go to the intersection, then left. (Kreuzung always pairs with bis zu)
  • Er ist bis zum Abend hier. → He is here until the evening.

Note: in and zu can sometimes both work for the same destination — in implies you went inside; zu is neutral about whether you entered. Neither is "wrong."

Vacation/travel prepositions (water, islands, forests, cities, countryside)

All of these are Wechsel prepositions — Dativ when stationary, Akkusativ when there's movement (see SDMA below). The preposition itself is fixed per noun/place type; only the case shifts.

Place type Nouns Preposition Movement (Akk.) Stationary (Dat.)
Water bodies der Strand, das Meer, der/die See, der Fluss an Ich gehe an den Strand/ans Meer/an den Fluss. Ich bin am Strand/am Meer/am Fluss.
Islands die Insel auf Ich gehe auf die Insel Rügen. Ich bin auf der Insel Rügen.
Forest/mountains der Wald, der Berg, das Gebirge in Ich gehe in den Wald/in den Berg/ins Gebirge. Ich bin im Wald/im Berg/im Gebirge.
City die Stadt in Ich gehe in die Stadt. Ich bin/lebe in der Stadt.
Countryside das Land auf Ich gehe auf das Land. Ich bin/lebe auf dem Land.

Notes:

  • der See (masculine) = lake; die See (feminine) = sea — gender changes the meaning.
  • If you name an island without the word "Insel," use plain nach: Ich gehe nach Rügen.
  • in den Urlaub gehen (Akkusativ) is a fixed idiomatic movement expression — you don't literally "enter" a vacation, but German still applies Akkusativ as if it were a destination. Contrast with the temporal use im Urlaub sein (Dativ, stationary state of being on vacation).

Temporal (Time) Prepositions

Core rule: Wechsel prepositions default to Dativ for time

The stationary-vs-movement (wo? vs. wohin?) test that governs Wechsel prepositions for place does not apply to time expressions. Time has no physical movement, so whenever a Wechsel preposition (an, in, vor, bis zu, etc.) is attached to a point or duration in time, German always uses Dativ — even in a sentence that otherwise looks like it involves movement.

  • Ich gehe in die Schule. (Akkusativ — physical movement into the building) vs. Ich gehe am Montag ins Kino. — the time part (an + dem Montag → am Montag) is Dativ even though "going to the cinema" sounds like movement.
  • Ich gehe im Juli in den Urlaub. → contrast within one sentence: im Juli (Dativ, time) but in den Urlaub (Akkusativ, fixed idiomatic movement expression).

Fixed Dativ prepositions used for time

These are Dativ everywhere (not just with time), so no Wechsel reasoning is needed:

Preposition Meaning Example
seit since / for (duration up to now) Ich lerne seit einem Jahr Deutsch. → I've been learning German for a year.
nach after Nach der Schule gehe ich zur Party. → After school I'm going to the party.
ab from ... onwards Ab nächster Woche habe ich Ferien. → From next week I have holidays.

Wechsel prepositions that become Dativ for time

Preposition Use Example
in → im (in + dem) months / seasons im Juli, im Winter
an → am (an + dem) days of the week am Montag
vor before / ago Ich habe vor einer Woche ein Buch gelesen. → I read a book a week ago.
bis zu → bis zum/bis zur until/up to a point in time (zu forces Dativ) Ich habe meinen Urlaub bis zum September. → My vacation lasts until September.

bis vs. bis zu

  • bis (alone, Akkusativ, no article) — a general endpoint that could be anywhere along a path/timeline; there may still be more beyond it. Used for directions: "go until/up to the school."
  • bis zu (Dativ) — the endpoint is the actual end; nothing continues beyond it. Use this for the true end of a road, intersection, or time period.
  • Time example: Ich habe meinen Urlaub bis zum September. (the vacation truly ends there)

Genitive Prepositions

Genitive prepositions take the following noun in the genitive case (masculine/neuter nouns add -(e)s; feminine/plural nouns use der). The core set is wegen, trotz, während, innerhalb, außerhalb.

Preposition Meaning Example
wegen because of / due to wegen der Technologie → because of [the] technology
trotz despite (trotz + genitive noun; trotzdem is the related connector, not a preposition)
während during / while (simultaneity) während des Unterrichts → during class
innerhalb within (time or space) innerhalb einer Stunde → within an hour
außerhalb outside / beyond (time or space) außerhalb der Geschäftszeiten → outside business hours

Genitive ending pattern:

  • der Unterricht (masc.) → während des Unterrichts (add -s)
  • die Prüfung (fem.) → während der Prüfung
  • das Land (neut.) → innerhalb des Landes
  • die Geschäftszeiten (plural) → außerhalb der Geschäftszeiten

Examples:

  • Du darfst während der Prüfung nicht sprechen. → You may not talk during the exam.
  • Wir haben alles innerhalb einer Stunde fertiggemacht. → We finished everything within an hour.
  • Es gibt viele Berge innerhalb des Landes. → There are many mountains within the country.
  • Sie können außerhalb der Geschäftszeiten anrufen. → You can call outside business hours.
  • Bitte parken Sie Ihr Auto außerhalb des Geländes. → Please park your car outside the premises.

während: preposition vs. connector

während can be either a genitive preposition (governs a noun) or a connector (joins two clauses) — both mean "while/during." Test: if a full clause with its own conjugated verb follows, it's a connector; if a genitive noun (or nominalized verb) follows, it's a preposition.

  • As preposition: Während des Aufräumens höre ich Musik. → During the cleaning, I listen to music. (Aufräumen nominalized and genitive: des Aufräumens)
  • As connector: Ich höre Musik, während ich mein Zimmer aufräume. → I listen to music while I clean my room. (full clause, verb aufräume at the end)

bei can informally express a similar "while X-ing" sense (Beim Putzen höre ich Musik.), but bei is a Dativ preposition, not genitive — don't confuse the two.

Wechselverb PDTA and SDMA Rules

Two distinct case rules both involve "Wechsel" (alternating) logic — keep them separate.

PDTA — for verbs with a person AND a thing as objects

Certain verbs (erklären, erzählen, antworten, schreiben, kaufen, singen, etc.) naturally take two objects: a person and a thing.

Rule: PDTA — Person → Dativ, Thing → Akkusativ.

  • Ich schreibe meiner Mutter einen Brief. → I am writing my mother a letter. (Mutter = person → Dativ meiner Mutter; Brief = thing → Akkusativ einen Brief)
  • Ich erzähle meinem Bruder eine Geschichte. → I am telling my brother a story. (Bruder → Dativ meinem; Geschichte → Akkusativ eine)
  • Ich singe meiner Schwester ein Lied. → I am singing my sister a song.

Pronoun replacement and word order (N-D-A family of rules):

  • Both objects as nouns → N-D-A order: Die Lehrerin erklärt den Kindern die Aufgabe.
  • Both objects as pronouns → order flips to Akkusativ-before-Dativ: Sie erklärt sie ihnen. → She explains it to them.
  • One pronoun + one noun → the pronoun always comes first, regardless of its case: Die Lehrerin erklärt ihnen die Aufgabe. / Die Lehrerin erklärt sie den Kindern.

SDMA — for Wechsel prepositions (place)

Rule: SDMA — Stationary → Dativ, Movement → Akkusativ.

  • Ich lege mein Handy auf den Tisch. → I'm placing my phone on the table. (movement → Akkusativ)
  • Das Handy liegt auf dem Tisch. → The phone is lying on the table. (no movement → Dativ)
  • Die Katze geht hinter das Sofa. → The cat is going behind the sofa. (movement → Akkusativ)

When a sentence contains both a verb and a Wechsel preposition, the preposition's SDMA rule wins, regardless of what the verb alone might suggest.

Why PDTA and SDMA never compete

PDTA governs Wechsel verbs with two objects (person + thing). SDMA governs Wechsel prepositions (an, auf, in, hinter...) describing place. They apply to different sentence elements and don't conflict — except that verbs with fixed prepositions (next section) override SDMA entirely when a Wechsel preposition happens to be the verb's fixed partner.

Verbs with Fixed Prepositions (Feste Präpositionen)

A large class of German verbs (the B1 course book lists roughly 70, expanding to several pages by B2) pair with one fixed preposition whose case is also fixed — neither the preposition nor its case can be derived from SDMA/PDTA logic, and the preposition frequently does not match the literal English translation. Misusing the preposition is marked wrong on the exam even if the rest of the sentence is correct.

Key facts:

  • If a fixed-preposition verb happens to use a Wechsel preposition (auf, an, über, in...), the case is Akkusativ about 90% of the time; a smaller set (e.g. teilnehmen an, glauben an) take Dativ as exceptions that must be memorized individually.
  • sich freuen auf and sich freuen über are both Akkusativ, even though neither sentence involves movement — proof that SDMA does not apply once a preposition is fixed to a verb.
  • Some fixed-preposition verbs are optional — the preposition only appears when there's a concrete object for it to attach to. E.g. aufpassen auf + Akk. ("to watch over") needs auf when a noun object follows (Man muss auf seine Kinder aufpassen), but drops auf when a dass-clause follows instead (Man muss aufpassen, dass sie nicht giftig sind) — there's no noun for auf to attach to. Likewise sprechen can stand alone (Ich spreche.) without mit/über.
  • Fixed prepositions also attach to some adjectives (e.g. interessiert sein an + Dativ) and nouns (e.g. Angst haben vor) — this is officially a B2 expansion, but a few high-frequency examples surface at B1. Don't confuse these with verb-with-fixed-preposition items.
  • Easily confused near-synonyms, each taking a different preposition/case:
    • leiden an + Dativ (to suffer from a disease) vs. leiden unter + Dativ (to suffer under/because of, e.g. stress).
    • denken an + Akk. (a brief, passing thought) vs. nachdenken über + Akk. (to ponder/deliberate at length — never an).
    • schreiben an + Akk. (writing to a person) vs. schreiben über + Akk. (writing about a topic).
    • erzählen von + Dativ vs. erzählen über + Akk. (both ≈ "to tell about"; von is the more standard choice).
    • bestehen aus + Dativ (to consist of) vs. bestehen auf + Dativ (to insist on).
    • begegnen + Dativ (to meet by chance/unplanned, more formal) vs. treffen + Akk. (to meet, everyday/planned).
    • mitmachen an + Dativ (to participate in) vs. weitermachen (no preposition — to continue).

Combined reference list

Verb + fixed preposition + case + English meaning, merged and deduplicated from every class drill in the course (videos 19, 20, 22, 27, 35):

German verb + preposition Case English meaning
abhängen von Dativ to depend on
ausgehen von Dativ to proceed from / to assume
(sich) basieren auf Dativ to be based on
sich heranwagen an Akkusativ to dare to approach/tackle
sich amüsieren über Akkusativ to be amused about
sich anpassen an Akkusativ to adapt/adjust to
sich ärgern über Akkusativ to be annoyed about
sich aufregen über Akkusativ to get upset/worked up about (works for people or things)
sich auskennen mit Dativ to be familiar/well versed with
sich basieren auf Dativ to be based on
sich bedanken bei Dativ to thank someone
berichten über Akkusativ to report on/about
beruhen auf Dativ to be based on / rest on
sich beschäftigen mit Dativ to occupy/busy oneself with
sich beschweren über Akkusativ to complain about
bestehen aus Dativ to consist of
bestehen auf Dativ to insist on
sich beteiligen an Dativ to take part in
denken an Akkusativ to think of/about (brief, passing thought)
nachdenken über Akkusativ to ponder/deliberate about (always über, never an)
deuten auf Akkusativ to point to / indicate
sich eignen für Akkusativ to be suitable for
sich einigen mit ... auf Akkusativ to agree with someone on something
sich einsetzen für Akkusativ to take a stand for / advocate for
sich entscheiden für Akkusativ to decide for/on
sich entschuldigen für Akkusativ to apologize for (something)
sich entschuldigen bei Dativ to apologize to (someone)
sich erholen von Dativ to recover from
sich erinnern an Akkusativ to remember (something/someone)
sich erkundigen nach Dativ to inquire about
erzählen von Dativ to tell/narrate about (standard choice)
erzählen über Akkusativ to tell/narrate about (also possible)
führen auf Akkusativ to lead to / attribute to
sich freuen auf Akkusativ to look forward to (future event)
sich freuen über Akkusativ to be happy about (already happened)
sich gewöhnen an Akkusativ to get used to
gehören zu Dativ to belong to
sich handeln um Akkusativ to be a matter of / concern
sich interessieren für Akkusativ to be interested in
kämpfen für / gegen Akkusativ to fight for / against
klicken auf Akkusativ to click on
sich konzentrieren auf Akkusativ to concentrate on
sich irren in Dativ to be mistaken about
leiden an Dativ to suffer from (a disease)
leiden unter Dativ to suffer under/because of (e.g. stress)
mitmachen an Dativ to participate in
schreiben an Akkusativ to write to (a person)
schreiben über Akkusativ to write about (a topic)
sich merken — (reflexive Dativ pronoun) to memorize / commit to memory
sorgen für Akkusativ to ensure / take care of
suchen nach Dativ to search for
teilnehmen an Dativ to participate in
träumen von Dativ to dream about/of
vertrauen Dativ to trust
sich vorbereiten auf Akkusativ to prepare for
warten auf Akkusativ to wait for
zukommen auf/zu Dativ to approach / come up to someone

Notes on coverage and minor drill inconsistencies: sich erinnern an is consistently Akkusativ (one drill listed "an/Dativ" but this is the well-established Akkusativ exception form); sich freuen auf/über is always Akkusativ (one recap line said "Dativ" — almost certainly a mis-hearing/transcription slip, corrected here). When two case options appear for the same verb (e.g. erzählen von/über), both are genuinely usable with a slight nuance difference noted above.

wo(r)- / da(r)- Words

These replace was + preposition (which is not used in German) for things, and provide a way to refer back to something already mentioned without repeating the noun.

Asking about people vs. things

  • For people: Präposition + wen (Akkusativ) or Präposition + wem (Dativ) — preposition stays separate from the question word.
    • Auf wen freust du dich? → Who are you looking forward to?
    • Mit was für einer Person sprichst du? (separate "was für" pattern, not part of wo(r)-/da(r)-)
  • For things: wo(r) + Präposition — never was + Präposition.
    • Worauf freust du dich? → What are you looking forward to?
    • Wovon träumst du? → What are you dreaming about?
    • Worüber sprecht ihr? → What are you talking about?

The -r- insertion rule

Insert -r- between wo/da and the preposition only if the preposition begins with a vowel (including umlauted vowels a/e/i/o/u) — purely for pronunciation.

Vowel-initial preposition (+ r) Consonant-initial preposition (no r)
Question word worauf, woran, worüber wovon, womit, wofür
Reference word darauf, daran, darüber dafür, damit, davon

da(r)- as a back-reference (vs. preposition + pronoun for people)

da(r)- refers back to a non-living/abstract antecedent already mentioned. When the antecedent is a person, use a normal preposition + personal pronoun instead.

  • Ich habe einen Fehler gemacht. Ich entschuldige mich dafür. → I made a mistake. I'm apologizing for it. (thing → dafür, no r since für isn't vowel-initial)
  • Es gibt einen Wettbewerb. Ich nehme daran teil. → There is a competition. I'm participating in it. (teilnehmen an + Dativ; an is vowel-initial → daran)
  • Lara hat den Anruf bekommen, auf den sie eine Woche lang gewartet hat. → "the call she'd been waiting for" — non-living antecedent → warten auf becomes darauf.
  • Contrast — person antecedent: Die Firma hat sich für sie entschieden. → "for her" stays für sie (preposition + personal pronoun), not a da(r)-compound, because the antecedent is a person.
  • Contrast — person antecedent: Sie hat lange mit ihr telefoniert. → mit ihr, not a da(r)-compound, since "ihr" refers to a person.

Important caveat: a da(r)- construction only makes sense with prior context — it cannot open a sentence/exam answer with nothing for "it" to refer back to.

Source Videos

  • video-01-notes.md — place prepositions (in/nach/zu/an...vorbei/durch/gegenüber/bis zu), verbs with fixed prepositions intro, the Wechsel-preposition exception, wo(r)-/preposition+wen/wem question formation
  • video-02-notes.md — vacation/travel prepositions for water bodies, islands, forests/mountains, city vs. countryside (an/auf/in with SDMA)
  • video-05-notes.md — fixed preposition aufpassen (auf) and its optional use, sprechen with optional mit/über
  • video-13-notes.md — temporal prepositions: fixed Dativ (seit/nach/ab), Wechsel-to-Dativ for time (im/am/vor/bis zu), bis vs. bis zu
  • video-16-notes.md — genitive prepositions während/innerhalb/außerhalb, während as preposition vs. connector, bei vs. wegen vs. während
  • video-19-notes.md — Wechselverb PDTA rule, SDMA recap, intro to verbs with fixed prepositions, wo(r)-/da(r)- system and the -r- insertion rule
  • video-20-notes.md — continued drill of verbs with fixed prepositions (case + meaning)
  • video-22-notes.md — verb vs. adjective with fixed preposition, recap list of ~25 fixed-preposition verbs
  • video-27-notes.md — fixed-preposition verbs in relative clauses, begegnen vs. treffen
  • video-35-notes.md — fixed-preposition verbs and da(r)-compounds, leiden an/unter, denken an/nachdenken über, schreiben an/über, erzählen von/über
Hitesh Sahu
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Sun Jun 28 2026

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