Pronouns 🗣️

PRONOUNS 🗣️

In German grammar, pronouns (Pronomen) replace nouns to avoid repetition and make speech smoother.
They must match the gender, number, and case (Kasus) of the noun they replace.

#	🧩 Type	🇩🇪 German
1	👤 Personal Pronouns	Personalpronomen
2	🏡 Possessive Pronouns	Possessivpronomen
3	🌿 Indefinite Pronouns	Indefinitpronomen
4	👉 Demonstrative Pronouns	Demonstrativpronomen
5	❓ Interrogative Pronouns	Interrogativpronomen
6	🔗 Relative Pronouns	Relativpronomen
7	🪞 Reflexive Pronouns	Reflexivpronomen
8	🌀 Other / Mixed Forms	Pronomen / pronominale Formen

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Overview

1. 👤 Personal Pronouns

Pronouns that represent people or things.

Emoji	Person	👤 Nominativ	🎯 Akkusativ	🎁 Dativ	📝 Genitiv	🇬🇧 English (Nom / Akk / Dat / Gen)
👤	1st singular	ich	mich	mir	meiner	I / me / to me / of me
🫵	2nd singular	du	dich	dir	deiner	you / you / to you / of you
🟦	3rd singular	er	ihn	ihm	seiner	he / him / to him / of him
🟨	3rd singular	es	es	ihm	seiner	it / it / to it / of it
🟥	3rd singular	sie	sie	ihr	ihrer	she / her / to her / of her
👥	1st plural	wir	uns	uns	unser	we / us / to us / of us
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦	2nd plural	ihr	euch	euch	euer	you all / you all / to you all / of you all
🧑‍🤝‍🧑	3rd plural	sie	sie	ihnen	ihrer	they / them / to them / of them
🎩	2nd formal	Sie	Sie	Ihnen	Ihrer	you (formal) / you / to you / of you

Example	English
Ich sehe dich.	I see you.
Er hilft mir.	He helps me.
Wir besuchen sie.	We visit her.
Sie geben uns das Buch.	They give us the book.

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2. 🏡 Possessive Pronouns

Words that show ownership or belonging.

Emoji	Person	📝 Possessive Form	🇬🇧 English
👤	1st singular	mein	my
🫵	2nd singular	dein	your (informal, singular)
🟦	3rd singular	sein	his
🟥	3rd singular	ihr	her
🟨	3rd singular	sein	its
👥	1st plural	unser	our
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦	2nd plural	euer	your (informal, plural)
🧑‍🤝‍🧑	3rd plural	ihr	their
🎩	2nd formal	Ihr	your (formal)

Example	English
Das ist mein Haus.	That is my house.
Ist das dein Auto?	Is that your car?
Er besucht seine Familie.	He visits his family.
Wir lieben unsere Kinder.	We love our children.
Das ist Ihr Büro.	That is your office.

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3. 🌿 Indefinite Pronouns

Pronouns that refer to unspecified or unknown people or things.

Emoji	Type	German	🇬🇧 English
👤	Person	jemand	someone / somebody
🚫	Person	niemand	nobody / no one
👥	General	man	one / people / you
❓	Person	irgendjemand	anyone / somebody
📦	Thing	etwas	something
🚫📦	Thing	nichts	nothing
❓📦	Thing	irgendetwas	anything / something
👤📦	General	alles	everything
👥	Quantity	alle	everyone / all
👤	Person	jeder	everyone / everybody
👤	Person	mancher	some / many a
👤	Person	einer	one / someone
🚫👤	Person	keiner	no one / nobody
🔢	Quantity	einige	some / several
🔢	Quantity	viele	many
🔢	Quantity	wenige	few
🔢	Quantity	mehrere	several
🔄	General	andere	others / other people
🔄	General	derselbe	the same one
👥	Quantity	beide	both

Example	English
Jemand wartet draußen.	Someone is waiting outside.
Niemand ist zu Hause.	Nobody is at home.
Man lernt jeden Tag etwas Neues.	You learn something new every day.
Ich habe etwas für dich.	I have something for you.
Nichts ist unmöglich.	Nothing is impossible.
Alle sind willkommen.	Everyone is welcome.
Jeder kann Deutsch lernen.	Everyone can learn German.
Viele sprechen Englisch.	Many speak English.
Beide Kinder schlafen.	Both children are sleeping.

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4. 👉 Demonstrative Pronouns

Pronouns used to point to or emphasize a person or thing.

German	🇬🇧 English
dieser / diese / dieses	this / this one
jener / jene / jenes	that / that one
der / die / das	that / that one
solcher / solche / solches	such / such a one

Example	English
Diese Frau ist nett.	This woman is nice.
Dieser Mann ist mein Lehrer.	This man is my teacher.
Dieses Buch ist interessant.	This book is interesting.
Jener ist mein Bruder.	That one is my brother.
Das ist genau das, was ich brauche.	That is exactly what I need.

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5. ❓ Interrogative Pronouns

Pronouns used to ask questions about people or things.

German	🇬🇧 English
wer	who
was	what
welcher	which
welche	which
welches	which
was für ein	what kind of

Example	English
Wer bist du?	Who are you?
Wen hast du gesehen?	Whom did you see?
Wem gehört das Auto?	Whose is the car?
Was möchtest du?	What would you like?
Welche Farbe gefällt dir?	Which color do you like?
Was für ein Buch liest du?	What kind of book are you reading?

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6. 🔗 Relative Pronouns

Pronouns that connect a relative clause to a noun or pronoun.

German	🇬🇧 English
der	who / that / which
die	who / that / which
das	who / that / which
welcher	which / who
welche	which / who
welches	which / who
was	what / which

Example	English
Der Mann, der hier wohnt, ist mein Nachbar.	The man who lives here is my neighbor.
Die Frau, die dort arbeitet, ist meine Lehrerin.	The woman who works there is my teacher.
Das Buch, das ich lese, ist interessant.	The book that I am reading is interesting.
Das ist das Auto, das ich kaufen möchte.	That is the car that I want to buy.
Alles, was du sagst, ist wichtig.	Everything that you say is important.

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7. 🪞 Reflexive Pronouns

Pronouns that refer back to the subject of the sentence.

Emoji	Person	👤 Nominativ	🎯 Akkusativ	🎁 Dativ	📝 Genitiv	🇬🇧 English (Nom / Akk / Dat / Gen)
👤	1st singular	ich	mich	mir	—	I / myself / to myself / —
🫵	2nd singular	du	dich	dir	—	you / yourself / to yourself / —
🟦	3rd singular	er	sich	sich	—	he / himself / to himself / —
🟥	3rd singular	sie	sich	sich	—	she / herself / to herself / —
🟨	3rd singular	es	sich	sich	—	it / itself / to itself / —
👥	1st plural	wir	uns	uns	—	we / ourselves / to ourselves / —
👨‍👩‍👧‍👦	2nd plural	ihr	euch	euch	—	you all / yourselves / to yourselves / —
🧑‍🤝‍🧑	3rd plural	sie	sich	sich	—	they / themselves / to themselves / —
🎩	2nd formal	Sie	sich	sich	—	you (formal) / yourself / to yourself / —

Example	English
Ich wasche mich.	I wash myself.
Du beeilst dich.	You hurry.
Er wäscht sich.	He washes himself.
Sie freut sich.	She is happy.
Wir treffen uns.	We meet each other.
Ihr setzt euch.	You all sit down.
Sie unterhalten sich.	They are talking to each other.

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8. 🌀 Other / Mixed Forms

Pronomen / pronominale Formen

Other pronoun-like forms that do not fit neatly into the main categories.

German	🇬🇧 English
beide	both
einander	each other
derselbe	the same one
selbst / selber	oneself / self
irgendwer	someone / anyone
irgendwelche	some / any

Example	English
Beide Kinder schlafen.	Both children are sleeping.
Wir helfen einander.	We help each other.
Ich habe denselben gesehen.	I saw the same one.
Ich mache das selbst.	I do that myself.
Irgendwer hat angerufen.	Someone called.
Hast du irgendwelche Fragen?	Do you have any questions?

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🎯 Focus per level:

• A1–A2: Personal, possessive, reflexive
• B1: Demonstrative, relative
• B2: Indefinite and complex relative pronouns

Related: Personal Pronouns · Possessive Pronouns · Indefinite Pronouns · Demonstrative Pronouns · Interrogative Pronouns · Relative Pronouns · Reflexive Pronouns · Grammar Roadmap