German Grammar Roadmap (A1–B2) 🗺️

German Grammar Roadmap (A1–B2)

The master index for _notes/Grammar/ — every section below links to the note that covers it. See Grammar Index for the flat, auto-generated list of all posts, and Parts of Speech for the Wortarten overview this roadmap expands on.

1. Parts of Speech (Wortarten) → Parts of Speech

Variable (Inflected)

• Verb (Verb)
• Article (Artikel)
• Noun (Nomen/Substantiv)
• Pronoun (Pronomen)
• Adjective (Adjektiv)
• Numeral (Numerale) — see Numbers

Invariable

• Adverb (Adverb)
• Preposition (Präposition)
• Conjunction (Konjunktion)
• Interjection (Interjektion)

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1. Nouns (Nomen) → Nouns

• Gender (der, die, das)

• Singular & Plural

• Compound nouns

• Capitalization

• Noun declension

• Noun-forming suffixes

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2. Articles (Artikel) → Articles

Definite

• der
• die
• das

Indefinite

• ein
• eine

Negative

• kein — see Statement Sentences

Zero article

Cases (Fälle) → Cases

• Nominative
• Accusative
• Dative
• Genitive

Case usage

• Articles
• Pronouns
• Adjectives

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3. Pronouns (Pronomen) → Pronouns

• Personal
• Possessive
• Reflexive — see also Reflexive Verbs
• Demonstrative
• Relative
• Interrogative
• Indefinite
• Reciprocal
• Impersonal (es) — see Verbs

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4. Adjectives (Adjektive) → Adjectives

• Predicate adjectives
• Attributive adjectives

Adjective endings

• After definite article
• After indefinite article
• Without article

Degree of Comparison → Degrees of Comparison

• Comparative
• Superlative
• Participial adjectives — also see Partizip II

Fixed adjective + preposition pairs → Fixed Adjective + Preposition

Categorized vocabulary → Adjective List

Quick reference → Adjective Cheat Sheet

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6. Verbs (Verben) → Verbs

Types

• Regular / Irregular / Mixed — see Weak & Strong Verbs
• Separable / Inseparable — see Separable & Inseparable Verbs
• Modal
• Reflexive
• Auxiliary
• Impersonal — see Verbs
• Transitive
• Intransitive

Also see Partizip II, Lassen, and Funktionsverbgefüge (noun-verb combinations).

Conjugation

• Present — Präsens
• Past — Past Tenses
• Future — Future Tenses

Particles → Particles

• Modal particles
• Focus particles
• Answer particles

Infinitive Constructions → Infinitive Clauses

• zu + Infinitiv
• um...zu
• ohne...zu
• statt...zu

Relative Clauses → Relative Clauses

• der, die, das — bare pronoun table in Relative Pronouns
• welcher
• Relative pronouns
• Relative prepositions
• wo / wohin / woher

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7. Adverbs → Adverbs

• Time → Temporal Adverbs
• Place → Local Adverbs
• Manner → Modal Adverbs
• Reason → Causal Adverbs
• Frequency → Temporal Adverbs
• Opinion → Sentence Adverbs
• Connecting clauses → Conjunctional Adverbs
• Relative clause reference → Relative Adverbs

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8. Prepositions (Präpositionen) → Prepositions

Accusative → Accusative Prepositions

• für
• ohne
• durch
• gegen
• um
• bis

Dative → Dative Prepositions

• aus
• bei
• mit
• nach
• seit
• von
• zu
• gegenüber

Two-way → Two-Way Prepositions

• an
• auf
• hinter
• in
• neben
• über
• unter
• vor
• zwischen

Genitive → Genitive Prepositions

• während
• trotz
• wegen
• innerhalb
• außerhalb

Fixed verb + preposition pairs, plus Pronominaladverbien (da-/wo- words) → Fixed Prepositions

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9. Tenses (Zeitformen) → Tenses Overview

Present

• Präsens → Präsens

Past

• Präteritum, Perfekt, Plusquamperfekt → Past Tenses

Future

• Futur I, Futur II → Future Tenses

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10. Sentence Structure (Satzbau) → Sentence Structure

• Main clauses / Subordinate clauses — see Clauses
• Verb-second rule
• Verb-final rule

Negation → Statement Sentences

• nicht

• kein

• double negatives

• Negation

• Position of nicht

• Position of adverbs

• Position of objects

Questions

• Yes/No & W-questions → Direct Questions
• Indirect questions → Indirect Questions

Conjunctions (Konjunktionen)

Coordinating → Coordinating Conjunctions

• und
• oder
• aber
• denn
• sondern

Subordinating → Subordinating Conjunctions

• weil
• dass
• wenn
• als
• bevor
• nachdem
• obwohl
• während
• falls
• seit
• bis

Correlative → Two-Part Connectors

• entweder...oder
• sowohl...als auch
• weder...noch
• nicht nur...sondern auch

Conjunctive adverbs (deshalb, trotzdem, außerdem...) → Conjunctive Adverbs

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11. Voice (Genus Verbi) → Passive Voice

Active (Aktiv)

• Present
• Past
• Future

Passive (Passiv)

Vorgangspassiv

• Präsens
• Präteritum
• Perfekt
• Plusquamperfekt
• Futur I

Zustandspassiv

• Present
• Past
• Future

Passive with Modal Verbs

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12. Mood (Modus)

Indicative

• Indikativ

Imperative → Imperative Sentences

• Commands

Subjunctive

Konjunktiv I → Konjunktiv: Mood & Konjunktiv I

• Reported speech

Konjunktiv II → Konjunktiv II

• Wishes
• Polite requests
• Unreal situations
• Advice

würde + Infinitiv

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18. Word Formation (Wortbildung)

• Prefixes
• Suffixes
• Compound words
• Nominalization
• Verb formation
• Adjective formation

19. Numbers (Numerale) → Numbers

• Cardinal
• Ordinal
• Fractions
• Percentages
• Dates
• Time

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22. Reported Speech → Konjunktiv: Mood & Konjunktiv I

• Konjunktiv I
• dass clauses — see Indirect Questions
• Tense changes

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23. Common Grammar Patterns

• es gibt
• man — see Indefinite Pronouns
• lassen → Lassen
• brauchen zu → Infinitive Clauses
• sein zu → Passive Voice (passive alternatives)
• haben zu
• bekommen + Partizip II
• werden + Infinitiv → Future Tenses
• werden + Partizip II → Passive Voice

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24. B1/B2 Advanced Grammar

• Extended passive / Passive alternatives → Passive Voice
• Nominalization
• Participle constructions → Partizip II, Adjectives
• Infinitive clauses → Infinitive Clauses
• Complex connectors → Subordinating Conjunctions, Two-Part Connectors
• Relative clauses with prepositions → Relative Clauses
• Double infinitives → Verbs, Konjunktiv II
• Verbs with prepositions → Fixed Prepositions
• Fixed expressions → Funktionsverbgefüge

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25. Exam Grammar Checklist

• □ A1 Complete
• □ A2 Complete
• □ B1 Complete
• □ B2 Complete

Track each topic as:

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