Prepositions š
Understand German Prepositions: Accusative, Dative, Two-Way, Genitive, and Fixed usage. Learn how to use prepositions correctly with cases, examples, and common expression patterns.
PREPOSITION š
Always comes before Noun or Pronoun as a combination of word
Preposition has 2 roles
- Show position of the Subject
- Decide the CASE of object(
Prepositional Object) associated with it
Preposition take preference over verb when it comes to deciding the case of object
There are 70 verbs with fixed preposition, and they always take the case of that preposition, not the verb
Preposition Types:
- für, um, durch, bis, ohne, gegen, entlang
- š Dative Prepositions
- von, zu, seit, nach, aus, mit, bei, ab, gegenüber
- šØ Two-Way (Wechsel) Prepositions ā an, auf, hinter, in, neben, über, unter, vor, zwischen (SDMA rule)
- š§© Genitive Prepositions ā wegen, trotz, wƤhrend, innerhalb, auĆerhalb
- š Fixed Prepositions ā verb + preposition pairs whose case can't be derived from SDMA logic, plus how to refer back to them with pronominal adverbs (da-/wo- words)
PrƤposition + Artikel (Contractions)
These are shortened forms that combine a preposition and a definite article.
- š¶āāļø = Movement ā Akkusativ
- š = Location ā Dativ
Common fusion
| Preposition + Article | Contraction | š§ Memory Tip | Example | Meaning | Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
in + das | ins | š¶ Going inside | Ich gehe ins Kino. | I'm going into the cinema. | š¶ Movement ā Akkusativ |
in + dem | im | š Already inside | Ich bin im Kino. | I'm in the cinema. | š Location ā Dativ |
an + das | ans | š¶ Going to the edge | Ich gehe ans Meer. | I'm going to the sea. | š¶ Movement ā Akkusativ |
an + dem | am | š Already at the edge | Ich bin am Meer. | I'm at the sea. | š Location ā Dativ |
zu + dem | zum | šÆ Going to a person/place | Ich gehe zum Arzt. | I'm going to the doctor. | šÆ Destination ā Dativ |
zu + der | zur | šÆ Going to a feminine place | Ich gehe zur Schule. | I'm going to school. | šÆ Destination ā Dativ |
von + dem | vom | ā¬ ļø Coming from | Ich komme vom Bahnhof. | I'm coming from the station. | ā¬ ļø Origin ā Dativ |
bei + dem | beim | š At / Near | Er arbeitet beim BƤcker. | He works at the bakery. | š Location ā Dativ |
Less Common (Obsolete or Bookish Today)
| Preposition + Article | Contraction | Example | Meaning | Case |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| für + das | fürs | Das ist gut fürs Herz. | Thatās good for the heart. | š¶āāļø Akkusativ |
| um + das | ums | Es geht ums Leben. | Itās a matter of life and death. | š¶āāļø Akkusativ |
| durch + das | durchs | Wir gehen durchs Museum. | Weāre walking through the museum. | š¶āāļø Akkusativ |
| auf + das | aufs | Ich gehe aufs Land. | Iām going to the countryside. | š¶āāļø Akkusativ |
| auf + dem | ā | Ich bin auf dem Land. | Iām in the countryside. | š Dativ |
| über + das | übers | Wir sprechen übers Wetter. | Weāre talking about the weather. | š¶āāļø Akkusativ |
| über + dem | ā | Die Lampe hƤngt über dem Tisch. | The lamp hangs above the table. | š Dativ |
āļø Tip:
āfürs,ā āums,ā ādurchs,ā āaufs,ā and āübersā are grammatically correct and still understood, but in everyday speech people often just say
für das,um das, etc.
For how to refer back to a preposition + noun with pronominal adverbs (da-/wo- words), see Fixed Prepositions.
šÆ Focus per level:
- A1: Location/time prepositions (in, auf, bei, zu)
- A2-B1: WechselprƤpositionen
- B2: Abstract usage (wegen, trotz, laut, gemƤĆ)
Related: Fixed Prepositions Ā· Cases Ā· Grammar Roadmap
