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Cover Image for Conjunctive Adverbs (Konjunktionaladverbien) 🔗
Grammar

Conjunctive Adverbs (Konjunktionaladverbien) 🔗

Learn German conjunctive adverbs (deshalb, trotzdem, außerdem, sonst) that connect two main clauses while keeping the verb in Position 2 — how they differ from coordinating and subordinating conjunctions, plus obwohl and nĂ€mlich.

German
Grammar
Konjunktionaladverbien
Conjunctions
Sentences
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🔗 Conjunctive Adverbs / Sentence Connectors :: Konjunktionaladverbien

These words connect two independent main clauses (HauptsÀtze). They behave like adverbs, so the finite verb remains in Position 2.

These connect two main clauses, but they behave like adverbs.

  • âžĄïž The connector occupies Position 1
  • âžĄïž The verb immediately follows (Position 2)

Conjunctions vs Conjunctive adverb

1. Coordinating conjunction

Position unchanged

→ Verb stays in Position 2 in both main clauses.

SVO,conjunctionSVOS V O, conjunction S V OSVO,conjunctionSVO

Example:

  • Ich bin mĂŒde, aber ich arbeite.
  • Ich bleibe zu Hause, denn ich bin krank.

2. Subordinating conjunction

Verb position changes

  • → Verb moves to the END in subordinate clause

Conjunction−S−O−VcConjunction -S-O-V_cConjunction−S−O−Vc​

Example:

  • weil ich krank bin
  • obwohl es regnet
  • dass er kommt

3. Conjunctive adverb

Verb comes immediately after the adverb

  • → Connector = Position 1
  • → Verb = Position 2

Conjugation−Adverb−V2−S−OConjugation-Adverb -V_2-S-OConjugation−Adverb−V2​−S−O

Example:

  • Deshalb komme ich.
  • Trotzdem gehe ich.
  • Außerdem lerne ich.

If you see these → verb stays 2nd (adverbs)

AdverbMeaningFunction
deshalbtherefore / that's whyResult
deswegenbecause of thatResult
darumtherefore / that's whyResult
dahertherefore / henceResult
trotzdemneverthelessContrast
außerdemmoreover / besidesAddition
dannthenTime / Sequence
sonstotherwiseCondition

Result Adverbs

Logical reason: Cause → Result

X happens. Therefore, Y happens.

1. that’s why/ therefore

  • Expresses the same RESULT as "sodass", but uses two main clauses instead of a subordinate clause.
  • We can use both , and . for sentences with deshalb

Example:

AdverbMeaningFunction
deshalbtherefore / that's whyResult
deswegenbecause of thatResult
darumtherefore / that's whyResult
dahertherefore / henceResult
    Es regnet. Deshalb bleibe ich zu Hause.
    
    Ich bin krank. Deswegen gehe ich nicht zur Arbeit.
    
    Ich habe kein Geld. Darum kaufe ich nichts.

2. Nevertheless

AdverbMeaningFunction
trotzdemneverthelessContrast

Contrast --> despite/ inspite of/ nevertheless

  • Both sentences are Hauptsatz
  • Verb stay at second position always

Main clause. Trotzdem + Verb + Subject + ...


    Er hat kein Geld, trotzdem kauft er ein neues Haus
    
    Er hat kein Geld, er kauft trotzdem ein neues Haus
    
    Es regnet BindfÀden, trotzdem geht er joggen.

3. Additionally

AdverbMeaningFunction
außerdemmoreover / besidesAddition
    Ich lerne Deutsch. Außerdem lerne ich Englisch.
    
    Er ist nett. Außerdem hilft er immer.

4. Otherwise

AdverbMeaningFunction
sonstotherwiseCondition
    Beeil dich! Sonst verpasst du den Zug.

5. 🌗 KonzessivsĂ€tze --> Contrast/Abnormal

👉 Express contradiction: although / even though / despite the fact that

WordMeaning
obwohlalthough
obgleichalthough (formal)
auch wenneven if
selbst wenneven if / even when
trotzdemin despite of

obwohl

    Obwohl es regnet, gehen wir spazieren.
    
    Der Mann fÀhrt mit dem Auto nach Hause, obwohl er sehr viel Alkohol getrunken hat.
    
    Sie hat die PrĂŒfung mit Bravour bestanden, obwohl sie sich nicht richtig auf die PrĂŒfung vorbereitet hat.
    
    Obwohl sie sich nicht richtig auf die PrĂŒfung vorbereitet hat, hat sie die PrĂŒfung mit Bravour bestanden.
    
    Obwohl es BindfÀden regnet, geht er joggen.


nÀmlich --> because / namely / you see

Usually comes immediately after the finite verb in a main clause.

  • used only in Hauptsatz
  • Always goes to 3rd place

Sentence 1 + comma + subject + nÀmlich + verb

Ich bleibe nÀmlich zu Hause.

Er ist nÀmlich krank.

Wir mĂŒssen nĂ€mlich arbeiten.

Hitesh Sahu
Written by Hitesh Sahu, a passionate developer and blogger.

Sun Aug 09 2026

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Grammar/11-4-Adverb-Conjunctions
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