Relative Adverbs (Relativadverbien) đ
Learn German relative adverbs: wo for places, and the wo(r)+preposition family (womit, wofĂŒr, worĂŒber, woran, worauf) for things â how they differ from relative pronouns (der/die/das), and when to use each.
7. Relative Adverbs (Relativadverbien) đ
Relative adverbs introduce a relative clause and refer back to a place, thing, or idea mentioned earlier.
Unlike relative pronouns (der, die, das), relative adverbs do not replace a noun. Instead, they refer to circumstances such as place, reason, or prepositional objects.
đ Place
| Emoji | Relative Adverb | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| đ | wo | where | Das ist das Haus, wo ich wohne. (That's the house where I live.) |
đĄ In formal German, in dem is preferred.
Das ist das Haus, in dem ich wohne.
đ Prepositional Relative Adverbs
When referring to things (not people) after a preposition, German uses wo + preposition.
| Emoji | Relative Adverb | Meaning | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| đ€ | womit | with which | Das ist das Messer, womit ich das Brot schneide. (That's the knife with which I cut the bread.) |
| đ | wofĂŒr | for which | Das ist das Projekt, wofĂŒr wir arbeiten. (That's the project we're working for.) |
| đŹ | worĂŒber | about which | Das ist das Buch, worĂŒber wir sprechen. (That's the book we're talking about.) |
| đ | woran | on which / what | Das ist das Problem, woran ich arbeite. (That's the problem I'm working on.) |
| đ§ | worauf | on which | Das ist der Tisch, worauf das Buch liegt. (That's the table on which the book is lying.) |
Formation
German forms these words by combining:
wo + Preposition
Examples
| Preposition | Relative Adverb |
|---|---|
| mit | womit |
| fĂŒr | wofĂŒr |
| ĂŒber | worĂŒber |
| an | woran |
| auf | worauf |
| in | worin |
| von | wovon |
If the preposition begins with a vowel, German inserts r.
wo + an â woran
wo + auf â worauf
wo + ĂŒber â worĂŒber
Relative Adverb vs Relative Pronoun
| Relative Pronoun | Relative Adverb |
|---|---|
| Refers to people or nouns | Refers to things, places, or ideas |
| der, die, das | wo, womit, worĂŒber, wofĂŒr |
Examples
Der Mann, der dort steht, ist mein Lehrer.
Das Buch, worĂŒber wir sprechen, ist interessant.
đĄ Tip
Use wo- compounds only for things.
â
Das ist das Buch,
worĂŒber wir sprechen.
â
Der Mann,
worĂŒber wir sprechen.
For people, use a relative pronoun instead.
Der Mann,
ĂŒber den wir sprechen.
Remember
Thing
â
wo + preposition
mit â womit
fĂŒr â wofĂŒr
ĂŒber â worĂŒber
auf â worauf
an â woran
Related: Adverbs Overview · Conjunctional Adverbs · Relative Pronouns · Relative Clauses · Grammar Roadmap
