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  7. 3 6 Relative Pronoun

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Grammar

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Cover Image for Relative Pronouns (Relativpronomen) 🔗
Grammar

Relative Pronouns (Relativpronomen) 🔗

Learn German relative pronouns (der, die, das) that connect a main clause to a relative clause and refer back to a noun: gender/number from the noun, case from the clause, full declension table, and worked examples.

German
Grammar
Relativpronomen
Pronouns
Language
Learning
← Previous

Interrogative Pronouns (Fragepronomen) ❓

Next →

Fragesätze: Direct Questions (W-Fragen & Satzfragen) ❓

5. 🔗 Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns connect a main clause with a relative clause and refer back to a noun.

Used to connect two clauses and refer to a noun mentioned earlier (who, which, that).

Der Mann, den ich sehe, ist nett.

The man whom I see is nice.

  • der Mann → masculine singular → der Mann
  • Ich sehe ___ → Akkusativ → den

🧠 Relative Pronouns rule

1. The gender and number come from the Noun before it.

  • Look at the noun → gender + number
flowchart LR
    N["📝 Noun<br/>der Mann"] -->|"Gender : masculine <br/> Number: singular"| R["🔗 Relative Pronoun"]
    C["📖 Relative Clause<br/>Ich sehe (akk)___"] -->|"Case: Whom do I see?"| R

    R --> X["den"]

    style N fill:#ffe5e5,stroke:#d00,color:#000
    style C fill:#e5f0ff,stroke:#1677ff,color:#000
    style R fill:#fff3cd,stroke:#e6a700,color:#000
    style X fill:#e8f8e8,stroke:#27ae60,color:#000

2. But the Case comes from the relative clause.

🔗 Relative Pronouns (Relativpronomen)

Look inside the relative clause → case

Case🟥 Masculine🟦 Neuter🟩 Feminine🟨 Plural🇬🇧 Function
👤 Nom.derdasdiediewho / that — subject
🎯 Akk.dendasdiediewhom / that — direct object
🎁 Dat.demdemderdenento/for whom — indirect object
🧩 Gen.dessendessenderenderenwhose — possession

3. Combine them → relative pronoun

CaseGermanWhy?
Nom.Der Mann, der dort steht, ist mein Lehrer.der = subject of steht
Akk.Der Mann, den ich sehe, ist mein Lehrer.den = object of sehe
Dat.Der Mann, dem ich helfe, ist mein Lehrer.dem = object of helfen
Gen.Der Mann, dessen Auto dort steht, ist mein Lehrer.dessen = possession

Example:

The same noun, three cases

Main nounRelative clauseCaseRelative pronoun
der Mann___ steht dort.Nominativeder
der MannIch sehe ___.Accusativeden
der MannIch helfe ___.Dativedem

Der Mann, der dort steht, ... The man who is standing there...

Der Mann, den ich sehe, ... The man whom I see...

Der Mann, dem ich helfe, ... The man whom I help...

More Examples:

GermanWhy?English
Der Mann, der hier arbeitetNom.The man who works here
Der Mann, den ich seheAkk.The man whom I see
Der Mann, dem ich helfeDat.The man whom I help
Der Mann, dessen Auto neu istGen.The man whose car is new
Der Mann, der dort steht, ist mein Vater.The man who is standing there is my father.
Das Auto, das ich gekauft habe, ist rot.The car that I bought is red.
Die Frau, die hier arbeitet, ist meine Chefin.The woman who works here is my boss.
Die Kinder, deren Mutter Lehrerin ist, spielen draußen.The children whose mother is a teacher are playing outside.

Related: Pronouns Overview · Relative Clauses · Sentence Structure · Grammar Roadmap

Hitesh Sahu
Written by Hitesh Sahu, a passionate developer and blogger.

Sun Aug 09 2026

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← Previous

Interrogative Pronouns (Fragepronomen) ❓

Next →

Fragesätze: Direct Questions (W-Fragen & Satzfragen) ❓

Grammar/3-6-Relative-Pronoun
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